Jacopo Bassano, 'The Good Samaritan', about 1562-3

The parable of the Good Samaritan is told in the Gospel of Luke (10: 30–7). When asked ‘Who is my neighbour?’ – in other words, to whom should I be charitable? – Christ told this story. A man travelling from Jerusalem to Jericho was attacked by thieves who wounded him, stole his clothes and left him half dead. A priest and a Levite travelling by saw him but both ignored him. A Samaritan took pity on the man, ‘bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine, and set him on his own beast’ (Luke 10: 34). The Samaritan took the man to an inn and left money for the innkeeper to continue to care for him. Christ said that the Samaritan – the man who had shown mercy – was the injured man’s neighbour. Christ instructed his followers to go and do likewise.

Jacopo Bassano may have been the first Italian artist to represent the subject of the Good Samaritan. He did so several times and seems to have made it popular with other Venetian artists, including Veronese. Here, Bassano shows the moment after the Samaritan has bound the injured man’s wounds; he lifts him up on to his own mule. He has painted two dogs in the foreground licking up the man’s blood. The priest and the Levite can be seen walking away into the hilly landscape in the distance.

The painting would not originally have been so dark. The copper greens in the foliage, and perhaps also in the grass, have darkened making it difficult to see the mule against the trees and rocks behind it. And the stripes in the Samaritan’s scarf have also changed from green to brown. Bassano’s approach of painting large figures close to the front of the picture, in settings with limited spatial depth, is typical of his work during this period and can also be seen in another of his works in the Gallery’s collection, The Way to Calvary. However it is the hazy, atmospheric landscape that makes The Good Samaritan so impressive. Bassano captures the grainy quality of the air at first light. Beneath thick grey clouds, the pale light of dawn touches the foothills of the mountains and casts patches of light and dark on the distant fields and hills.

Jacopo Bassano painted several different compositions and versions of The Good Samaritan. His earliest example of this subject is in the Royal Collection at Hampton Court and dates from 1546–8. The same pewter flask appears in both paintings, and the bald bearded model used here for the Samaritan is used in the Royal Collection painting for the injured traveller.

The National Gallery’s painting was once owned by the artist Sir Joshua Reynolds who included it in an exhibition to benefit his servant Ralph. The charitable subject of this painting must have seemed very appropriate to the charitable purpose of Reynolds’s exhibition.