Bronzino, 'An Allegory with Venus and Cupid', about 1545
About the work
Overview
This is one of Bronzino’s most complex and enigmatic paintings. It contains a tangle of moral messages, presented in a sexually explicit image. Venus, goddess of love, steals an arrow from her son Cupid’s quiver as she kisses him on the lips. Cupid fondles Venus‘ breast, his bare buttocks provocatively thrust out as he returns her kiss and attempts to steal her crown.
The masks at Venus’ feet suggest that she and Cupid exploit lust to mask deception. The howling figure on the left may be Jealousy; the boy scattering roses and stepping on a thorn could be Folly or Pleasure; the hybrid creature with the face of a girl, Fraud or Deceit. Winged Father Time battles with mask-like Oblivion to either reveal or conceal the scene.
The picture was probably sent to King Francis I of France as a gift from Cosimo I de' Medici, ruler of Florence, who employed Bronzino as a court painter.
Key facts
Details
- Full title
- An Allegory with Venus and Cupid
- Artist
- Bronzino
- Artist dates
- 1503 - 1572
- Date made
- about 1545
- Medium and support
- oil on wood
- Dimensions
- 146.1 × 116.2 cm
- Acquisition credit
- Bought, 1860
- Inventory number
- NG651
- Location
- Not on display
- Collection
- Main Collection
- Frame
- 17th-century Italian Frame
Provenance
Additional information
Text extracted from the ‘Provenance’ section of the catalogue entry in Cecil Gould, ‘National Gallery Catalogues: The Sixteenth Century Italian Schools’, London 1987; for further information, see the full catalogue entry.
Exhibition history
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2020SinThe National Gallery (London)7 October 2020 - 3 January 2021
Bibliography
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1750A Catalogue of the Pictures at Althorp taken in the Year 1750, Althorp 1750
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1822T.F. Dibdin, Aedes Althorpianae, London 1822
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1822P. Magrini (ed.), Li capitoli faceti editi ed inediti di mess. Agnolo Allori detto il Bronzino, Venice 1822
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1833J.D. Passavant, Kunstreise durch England und Belgien, Frankfurt am Main 1833
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1836J.D. Passavant, Tour of a German Artist in England, London 1836
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1860'The National Gallery', Art Journal, 1860
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1861R.N. Wornum, Descriptive and Historical Catalogue of the Pictures in the National Gallery, London 1861
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1861London, National Gallery Archive: Report of the Director of the National Gallery to the Lords Commisssioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, 2 April 1861
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1878G. Vasari, Le vite de'più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori: Con nuove annotazioni e commenti di Gaetano Milanesi, ed. G. Milanesi, 8 vols, Florence 1878
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1888E.T. Cook, A Popular Handbook to the National Gallery Including, by Special Permission, Notes Collected from the Works of Mr. Ruskin, London 1888
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1906Half Holidays at the National Gallery, 5th edn, London 1906
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1928A. McComb, Agnolo Bronzino: His Life and Works, Cambridge MA 1928
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1930T. Cox, The National Gallery: A Room to Room Guide, London 1930
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1939E. Panofsky, Studies in Iconolgy: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance, New York 1939
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1939H. Lossow, 'Das Londoner Venus und Kupidobild des Angelo Bronzino', Das Werk des Künstlers, I/2, 1939, pp. 162-8
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1940A.H. Gilbert and H.W. Janson, 'Review: Erwin Panofsky, Studies in Iconology', Art Bulletin, XXII, 1940, pp. 173-5
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1959A. Devich, 'La restoration du tableau d'Angelo Bronzino intitule "Venus, l'Amour et la Jalousie"', Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts, XIV, 1959, pp. 54-7
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1960A. Emiliani, Il Bronzino, Milan 1960
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1962Gould, Cecil, National Gallery Catalogues: The Sixteenth Century Italian Schools (excluding the Venetian), London 1962
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1962E. Panofsky, Studies in Iconology, New York 1962
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1967A. Pigler, Katalog der Galerie Alter Meister, Budapest 1967
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1967M. Levey, 'Sacred and Profane Significance in Two Paintings by Bronzino', in Studies in Renaissance and Baroque art presented to Anthony Blunt on his 60th birthday, London 1967, pp. 30-3
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1970J. Cox-Rearick, 'The Drawings of Pontormo: Addenda', Master Drawings, II, 1970, pp. 363-78
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1971C.H. Smyth, Bronzino as Draughtsman: An Introduction Bronzino's Early Portiere Documentation, New York 1971
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1971K.W. Forster, 'Metaphors of Rule: Political Ideology and History in the Portraits of Cosimo I de' Medici', Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, XV, 1971
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1972J. Cox-Rearick, La collection de François Ier, Paris 1972
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1973J. Müller Hofstede, 'Jacques de Backer. Ein Vertreter der florentinisch-römischen Maniera in Antwerpen', Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch, XXXV, 1973, pp. 227-47
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1974K. Garlick, 'A Catalogue of Pictures at Althorp', The Walpole Society, XLV, 1976, pp. 1-128
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1975C. Gould, Delaroche and Gautier: Gautier's Views on the 'Execution of Lady Jane Grey' and on other Compositions by Delaroche, London 1975
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1976C.M. Goguel, 'Salviati, Bronzino et "La Vengeance de l'Innocence"', Revue de l'art, XXXI, 1976, pp. 33-7
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1978D. Robertson, Sir Charles Eastlake and the Victorian Art World, Princeton 1978
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1978W. Keach, 'Cupid Disarmed, or Venus Wounded? An Ovidian Source for Michelangelo and Bronzino', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, XLI, 1978, pp. 327-31
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1978G. Smith, 'Bronzino's Use of Prints: Some Suggestions', Print Collector's Newsletter, IX, 1978, pp. 110-3
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1981C. McCorquodale, Bronzino, London 1981
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1981G. Smith, 'Jealousy, Pleasure and Pain in Agnolo Bronzino's "Allegory of Venus and Cupid"', Pantheon, XXXIX, 1981, pp. 250-8
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1982C. Hope, 'Bronzino's "Allegory" in the National Gallery', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 1982, pp. 239-43
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1983V. Tátrai, Cinquecento Paintings of Central Italy, Budapest 1983
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1983L.M.F. Bosch, 'Time, Truth and Destiny: Some Iconographical Themes in Bronzino's Primavera and Giustizia', Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz, XXVII, 1983, pp. 73-82
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1984G. Smith, 'Bronzino's "Allegory of Happiness"', Art Bulletin, LXVI, 1984, pp. 390-8
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1985T. Frangenberg, 'Der Kampf um den Schleier zur Allegorie Agnolo Bronzinos in der National Gallery London', Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch, XLVI, 1985, pp. 377-86
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1986J.F. Conway, 'Syphilis and Bronzino's London Allegory', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, XLIX, 1986, pp. 250-5
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1987Gould, Cecil, National Gallery Catalogues: The Sixteenth Century Italian Schools, London 1987
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1987I.H. Cheney, 'Bronzino's London Allegory: Venus, Cupid, Virtue, and Time', Source, II/6, 1987, pp. 12-8
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1990L.M.F. Bosch, 'Bronzino's London Allegory: Love Versus Time', Source, IX/2, 1990, pp. 30-5
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1991P. Barolsky and A. Ladis, 'The "Pleasurable Deceits" of Bronzino's So-Called London Allegory', Source, X/3, 1991, pp. 32-6
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1991A. Cecchi, 'Il Bronzino, Benedetto Varchi e l'Accademia Fiorentina: Ritratti di poeti, letterati e personaggi illustri della corte medicea', Antichità Viva, XXX/1-2, 1991, pp. 17-52
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1991R.W. Gaston, 'Love's Sweet Poison: A New Reading of Bronzino's London Allegory', I Tatti Studies, IV, 1991, pp. 249-88
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1992L. Mendelsohn, 'L'Allegoria di Londra del Bronzino e la retorica di carnevale', in M. Cämmer (ed.), Kunst des Cinquecento in der Toskana, Munich 1992, pp. 152-67
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1992L. Mendelsohn, 'Saturnian allusions in Bronzino's London Allegory', in M. Ciavolella and A.A. Ianucci (eds), Saturn from Antiquity to the Renaissance, Ottawa 1992, pp. 101-50
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1993J.F. Moffitt, 'A Hidden Sphinx by Agnolo Bronzino, "Ex tabula Cebetis Thebani"', Renaissance Quarterly, XLVI/2, 1993, pp. 277-307
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1994H. Voss, La pittura del tardo Rinascimento a Roma e a Firenze, Rome 1994
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1994J. Anderson, 'A "Most Improper Picture": Transformations of Bronzino's Erotic Allegory', Apollo, CXXXIX, 1994, pp. 19-28
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1994J. Cox-Rearick, 'Sacred to Profane: Diplomatic Gifts of the Medici to Francis I', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, XXIV/2, 1994, pp. 239-58
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1994E. Leuschner, 'Ein unbekanntes Hauptwerk von Jacob de Backer in Meiningen', Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerpen, 1994, pp. 51-63
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1994National Gallery, Ideas Personified (exh. cat. The National Gallery, 28 September - 4 December 1994), London 1994
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1996J. Cox-Rearick, The Collection of Francis I: Royal Treasures, New York 1996
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1996F. Siguret (ed.), Andromède, ou, Le héros à l'épreuve de la beauté: Actes du colloque international, Paris 1996
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1996E. Leuschner, 'Antwerpener Akte. Zum Kontext eines Bildes von Jacob de Backer', in Südthüringer Forschungen, Meiningen 1996, vol. 29, pp. 5-21
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1997P. Tinagli, Women in Italian Renaissance Art: Gender, Representation, Identity, Manchester 1997
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1997M. Healy, 'Bronzino's London Allegory and the Art of Syphilis', Oxford Art Journal, XX, 1997, pp. 3-11
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1999C. Plazzotta and L. Keith, 'Bronzino's "Allegory": New Evidence of the Artist's Revisions', The Burlington Magazine, CXLI/1151, 1999, pp. 89-99
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1999F. Zeri, 'Bronzino: Allegoria del Trionfo di Venere', in M. Dolcetta (ed.), Federico Zeri: Un velo di silenzio, Florence 1999, pp. 119-25
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2000S. Cohen, 'The Ambivalent Scorpio in Bronzino's London Allegory', Gazette des beaux-arts, 2000, pp. 171-88
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2000S. Pierluigi, 'Sull'iconografia della "fraude" dell'Allegoria di Bronzino alla National Gallery di Londra', Bulletin de l'Association des Historiens de l'Art Italien, 7, 2000, pp. 17-21
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2001
C. Baker and T. Henry, The National Gallery: Complete Illustrated Catalogue, London 2001
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2002A. Rowe, The Visual Arts and the Novels of Iris Murdoch, New York 2002
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2003A. Graham-Dixon, In the Picture: The Year through Art, London 2003
About this record
If you know more about this painting or have spotted an error, please contact us. Please note that exhibition histories are listed from 2009 onwards. Bibliographies may not be complete; more comprehensive information is available in the National Gallery Library.