William Hogarth, 'The Graham Children', 1742
About the work
Overview
These are the four Graham children. Their father was Royal Apothecary to George I and George II. Thomas, in his gilded baby carriage adorned with a bird, had already died when Hogarth was working on the picture. The crossed carnations (funeral flowers) beside him are a tender reminder of death. A table-clock surmounted by a winged cherub holding an hour-glass and scythe shows the time as 1.45pm, perhaps the hour Thomas died.
Seated beneath a goldfinch in a gilded cage, Richard Robert plays a bird organ and Anna Maria starts dancing. The cat startles the goldfinch by scrambling with its claws up the back of the chair in the same way that death suddenly snatched the youngest Graham child. Henrietta, the eldest, dangles cherries, the ‘fruit of paradise’ before baby Thomas, who reaches out to grasp them. Hogarth captures the transience of childhood and of life itself.
Key facts
Details
- Full title
- The Graham Children
- Artist
- William Hogarth
- Artist dates
- 1697 - 1764
- Date made
- 1742
- Medium and support
- oil on canvas
- Dimensions
- 160.5 × 181 cm
- Inscription summary
- Signed; Dated
- Acquisition credit
- Presented by Lord Duveen through the Art Fund, 1934
- Inventory number
- NG4756
- Location
- Room 34
- Collection
- Main Collection
- Previous owners
- Frame
- 19th-century English Frame
Provenance
Additional information
Text extracted from the ‘Provenance’ section of the catalogue entry in Judy Egerton, ‘National Gallery Catalogues: The British Paintings’, London 2000; for further information, see the full catalogue entry.
Exhibition history
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2019Painting Childhood: From Holbein to FreudCompton Verney16 March 2019 - 16 June 2019
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2023Finding FamilyThe Foundling Museum17 March 2023 - 27 August 2023
Bibliography
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1808J. Nichols and G. Steevens, The Genuine Work of William Hogarth, with Biographical Anecdotes, 3 vols, London 1808
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1816'Obituary', Gentleman's Magazine, LXXXVI, 1816
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1857G.F. Waagen, Treasures of Art in Great Britain: Being and Account of the Chief Collections of Paintings, Drawings, Sculptures, Illuminated Mss. […], translated from German by Elizabeth Eastlake, 3 vols, London 1857, vol. 3
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1903M. Roldit, 'The Collection of Pictures of the Earl of Normanton at Somerley, Hampshire, Part 2', The Burlington Magazine, III, 1903, pp. 219-25
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1908W.W. Wroth, 'Tickets of Vauxhall Gardens', Numismatic Chronicle, XVIII, 1908, pp. 73-92
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1934'National Art Collections Fund 31st Annual Report 1934', National Art Collections Fund Annual Report, 1935, pp. 39-40
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1935National Gallery, National Gallery and Tate Gallery Directors' Reports, 1934, London 1935
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1937H. Walpole, Horace Walpole Correspondence, ed. W.S. Lewis, 48 vols, New Haven 1937
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1946Davies, Martin, National Gallery Catalogues: British School, London 1946
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1946M. Davies, Paintings and Drawings on the Backs of National Gallery Pictures, London 1946
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1949R. Beckett, Hogarth, London 1949
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1953G.B. Hughes, 'Old English Bird-Cages', Country Life, 1953, pp. 973-4
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1955P. Quennell, Hogarth's Progress, London 1955
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1962F. Antal, Hogarth and His Place in European Art, London 1962
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1972R. Edwards, 'The Dumb Rhetoric of the Scenery', Apollo, XCV, 1972
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1975R. Paulson, Emblem and Expression: Meaning in English Art of the Eighteenth Century, London 1975
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1975D. Mannings, 'A Well-Mannered Portrait by Highmore', The Connoisseur, CLXXXIX, 1975
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1978L. Eitner, 'Cages, Prisons and Captives in Eighteenth-Century Art', in K. Kroeber and W. Walling (eds), Images of Romanticism, New Haven 1978, pp. 13-38
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1983K. Thomas and L. Pollock, Forgotten Children, Cambridge 1983
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1987E. Einberg, Manners and Morals: Hogarth and British Painting 1700-1760 (exh. cat. Tate Gallery, 15 October 1987 - 3 January 1988), London 1987
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1989M. Webster, 'An Eighteenth-Century Family: Hogarth's Portrait of the Graham Children', Apollo, CXXX/331, 1989, pp. 171-3
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1989M. Webster, William Hogarth: Dipinti, disegni, incisioni (exh. cat. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, San Giorgio Maggiore, 26 August - 12 November 1989), Venice 1989
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1989K. Thomas, 'Children in Early Modern England', in G. Avery and J. Briggs (eds), Children and their Books, Oxford 1989, pp. 45-77
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1990D. Shawe-Taylor, The Georgians: Eighteenth-Century Portraiture and Society, London 1990
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1991J.T. Hayes, The Portrait in British Art: Masterpieces Bought with the Help of the NACF (exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, 8 November 1991 - 9 February 1992), London 1991
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1992W.L. Pressly, 'Goya's Don Manuel Osorio de Zúñiga: A Christological Allegory', Apollo, 1992
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1992S. Holdsworth, Innocence and Experience: Images of Children in British Art from 1600 to the Present (exh. cat. Ferens Art Gallery, 21 November 1992 - 10 January 1993; Nottingham Castle Museum, 16 January - 28 February 1993; Kelvingrove, 6 March - 25 April 1993), Manchester 1992
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1993M. Pointon, Hanging the Head: Portraiture and Social Formation in the Eighteenth-Century England, New Haven 1993
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1995J.C. Steward, The New Child: British Art and the Origins of Modern Childhood, 1730-1830 (exh. cat. University Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, 23 August - 19 November 1995; Dixon Gallery and Gardens, 10 December 1995 - 4 February 1996; Joslyn Art Museum, 9 March - 5 May 1996), Berkeley 1995
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1997J. Richardson, Looking at Pictures: An Introduction to Art for Young People Through the Collection of the National Gallery, London 1997
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1997B. Sewell, 'Review of Hogarth the Painter at the Tate Gallery', Evening Standard, 1997, pp. 28-9
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1997E. Einberg, Hogarth the Painter (exh. cat. Tate Gallery, 4 March - 8 June 1997), London 1997
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1998J. Egerton, The British School, London 1998
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2000Egerton, Judy, National Gallery Catalogues: The British Paintings, revised edn, London 2000
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2001
C. Baker and T. Henry, The National Gallery: Complete Illustrated Catalogue, London 2001
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2004S. West, Portraiture, Oxford 2004
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2006K. Eustace, 'The Key Is Locke: Hogarth, Rysbrack and the Foundling Hospital', British Art Journal, VII/2, 2006, pp. 34-49
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2019A. Berry, 'The Graham Children by William Hogarth: The Immortalising Power of Portraiture', British Art Journal, XX/1, Spring/Summer 2019, pp. 3-7
About this record
If you know more about this painting or have spotted an error, please contact us. Please note that exhibition histories are listed from 2009 onwards. Bibliographies may not be complete; more comprehensive information is available in the National Gallery Library.