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An architect, military engineer and sculptor, Giuliano da Sangallo was particularly associated with the Medici in Florence, most famously designing Lorenzo de Medici’s villa at Poggio a Caiano (begun in 1485). In 1514, he was appointed architect o...

Renaissance, meaning rebirth, was a 19th-century term applied by the German art historian Jakob Burckhardt to the culture of Italy from the 14th to 16th centuries - the equivalent of Vasari's 'rinascita' (rebirth). There is much disagreement about...

This was the mocking title given to a group of German artists, who painted mainly religious subjects. The group, known as the Lukasbruder, or Brotherhood of Saint Luke, was founded in Vienna in 1809 by Friedrich Overbeck and Franz Pforr. The Broth...

Academies for painting were established across Europe during the 18th century although they first arose in Italy in the 16th century. They replaced and supplemented the medieval painters' guilds. The single most influential academy, the Royal Acad...

The word is widely used to describe something which is an exemplar of quality. In an art-historical context it is often employed to describe the culture and artefacts of Greco-Roman antiquity (as well as a specific period of Greek art). In many co...

Neoclassicism literally means 'new classicism' or a revival of classical values. The word is used as a style label and is applied to aspects of the arts of the later 18th and early 19th centuries. At that period there was a conscious revival and a...

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (P.R.B.) was a 19th-century English art movement founded in 1848 by Holman Hunt, Millais, Rosetti and others. Such painters shared the ideal of emulating or recreating works akin to Italian paintings produced before...

early 16th century

possibly 1540s

1660-85