Mauve was born in Zaandam and studied in Haarlem under the animal painters Pieter Frederick van Os and Wouterus Verschuur. From 1858 he lived periodically at Oosterbeek, the Dutch
Barbizon, where he painted mainly animal subjects. In 1871 he moved to The Hague, where the human figure and coastal scenes assumed a greater importance in his work. In 1881 and 1882
Van Gogh worked in his studio.
In 1885 Mauve settled in the village of Laren. His later landscapes were influenced by
Jean-François Millet.