Nicolas Poussin, 'The Finding of Moses', 1651
About the work
Overview
According to the Old Testament Book of Exodus, Pharaoh ordered all Israelite baby boys to be cast into the river, but Moses’s mother hid him in a basket among the bulrushes. He was discovered there by Pharaoh’s daughter, Thermutis, who is shown here dressed in a yellow robe and surrounded by her maidens. Moses is cradled by his sister, Miriam, dressed in white.
Thermutis decides to spare Moses from death and eventually adopts him. The joy of this event is reflected in Thermutis’s welcoming smile and the excited gestures of her companions. Their idealised bodies and extravagant drapery reveal Poussin’s interest in ancient sculpture. The palm trees and statue of a sphinx, a mythical creature with a human head and lion’s body, tell us the scene is taking place in Egypt. Colourful clothing shimmers in the sunlight, conveying the warmth of the Egyptian climate.
In-depth
According to the Old Testament Book of Exodus, Pharaoh ordered all Israelite baby boys to be cast into the river, but Moses’s mother hid him in a basket among the bulrushes. He was discovered there by Pharaoh’s daughter, Thermutis, who is shown here dressed in a yellow robe and surrounded by her maidens. Moses is cradled by his sister, Miriam, dressed in white.
Thermutis decides to spare Moses from death and eventually adopts him. The joy of this event is reflected in Thermutis’s welcoming smile and the excited gestures of her companions, whose fluttering clothing shows their hurried movement towards the infant. To the right, a woman catches our eye as she steps out of the water. The palm trees and statue of a sphinx, a mythical creature with a human head and lion’s body, tell us the scene is taking place in Egypt. Colourful clothing shimmers in the sunlight, conveying the warmth of the Egyptian climate.
Poussin takes inspiration from ancient Roman architecture and from recently discovered mosaics in Rome. The unusual-looking building in the centre with a large vase on the roof to collect water is based on a mosaic discovered in around 1600 in the Temple of Fortuna at Praeneste. Poussin was familiar with this building through watercolour studies of it owned by his patron, Cassiano dal Pozzo. The figures, with their idealised bodies and extravagant drapery, are also based on sculptures from classical antiquity.
Poussin painted three, or possibly four, versions of this subject. Two of these paintings were in the collection of Louis XIV and are now in the Louvre, Paris. Painted in 1651 for Benardin Reynon (1613–1686), a Lyon silk merchant, this is the last and most accomplished version. It had many prestigious owners: the Duc de Richelieu (1629–1715), the great-nephew of Cardinal Richelieu, and later in the seventeenth century, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay (1651–1690), whose widow is portrayed in Mignard’s The Marquise de Seignelay and Two of her Sons, also owned by the National Gallery.
This subject was often painted during the Renaissance and seventeenth century. Painters commonly made connections between images of the infant Moses and the young Jesus Christ escaping the Massacre of the Innocents. The four maidens on the left of this painting recall the shepherds in scenes of the Adoration and Thermutis’s pose derives from images of the Virgin. Poussin clearly revelled in painting this engaging work: the women are carefully arranged within an ordered composition, and he uses a variety of poses and expressions and vibrant colouring. An expensive ultramarine blue pigment is used for the green and blue robes as well as areas in shadow and the grey buildings.
We own other paintings on the theme: Bartholomeus Breenbergh’s The Finding of the Infant Moses by Pharaoh’s Daughter, and Antonio De Bellis’s The Finding of Moses, and on loan to our collection is Orazio Gentileschi’s The Finding of Moses.
Key facts
Details
- Full title
- The Finding of Moses
- Artist
- Nicolas Poussin
- Artist dates
- 1594 - 1665
- Date made
- 1651
- Medium and support
- oil on canvas
- Dimensions
- 115.7 × 175.3 cm
- Acquisition credit
- Bought jointly by the National Gallery and Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales with contributions from: J. Paul Getty Jnr (through the American Friends of the National Gallery, London), the National Heritage Memorial Fund, the Art Fund, Mrs Schreiber, the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, the Moorgate Trusts, Sir Denis Mahon and anonymous donors, 1988
- Inventory number
- NG6519
- Location
- On loan: Rotation of Jointly Owned Work 2022 - 2027 (NG6519 Poussin), Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Collection
- Main Collection
- Previous owners
- Frame
- 17th-century French Frame
Provenance
Additional information
Text extracted from the ‘Provenance’ section of the catalogue entry in Humphrey Wine, ‘National Gallery Catalogues: The Seventeenth Century French Paintings’, London 2001; for further information, see the full catalogue entry.
Exhibition history
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2010Rotation of Jointly Owned Work 2010 - 2014 (NG6519 Poussin)Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales2 June 2010 - 27 May 2014
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2011Poussin et Moïse: du dessin à la tapisserieAcadémie de France à Rome, Villa Medici7 April 2011 - 5 June 2011
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2022Rotation of Jointly Owned Work 2022 - 2027 (NG6519 Poussin)Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales31 January 2022 - 30 January 2027
Bibliography
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1725A. Félibien, Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des plus excellens peintres, Trévoux 1725
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1725A. Félibien, Conferences de l'Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture, Trévoux 1725
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1830
J. Smith, A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters: In Which is Included a Short Biographical Notice of the Artists, with a Copious Description of Their Principal Pictures […], vol. 2, London 1830
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1890Duchesse d'Orléans, Correspondance de Madame la Duchesse d'Orléans, ed. E. Jaeglé, Paris 1890
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1911C. Jouanny (ed.), Correspondance de Nicolas Poussin, Paris 1911
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1914O. Grautoff, Nicolas Poussin: Sein Werk und sein Leben, Munich 1914
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1949Royal Academy of Arts, Landscape in French Art 1550-1900 (exh. cat. Royal Academy of Arts, December 1949 - March 1950), London 1949
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1950A. Blunt, 'Poussin Studies IV: Two Rediscovered Late Works', The Burlington Magazine, XCII, 1950, pp. 39-40
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1960L. de Brienne, 'Discours sur les ouvrages des plus excellens peintres anciens et nouveaux avec un traité de la peinture composé et imaginé par Monsieur L.H. de L.C. e B. Reclus, 1600s', in A. Chastel (ed.), Nicolas Poussin: Actes du Colloque, Paris 1960, vol. 2
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1963C. Dempsey, 'Poussin and Egypt', Art Bulletin, XLV/2, 1963, pp. 109-19
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1966A. Blunt, The Paintings of Nicolas Poussin: A Critical Catalogue, London 1966
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1969K. Badt, Die Kunst des Nicolas Poussin, Cologne 1969
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1980D. Wild, Nicolas Poussin: Band I, Leben, Werk, Exkurse, Band II, Katalog der Werke, Zürich 1980
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1982E. Foucart-Walter, Le Mans, Musée de Tessé: Peintures françaises du XVIIe siècle, Paris 1982
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1989National Gallery, The National Gallery Report: January 1988- March 1989, London 1989
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1989National Heritage Memorial Fund, National Heritage Memorial Fund: Ninth Annual Report 1988-9, London 1989
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1989A. Braham, 'Towards a National Gallery', National Art Collections Fund Review, 1989, pp. 79-92
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1989J. Mills and R. White, 'Paint Media Analyses', National Gallery Technical Bulletin, XIII, 1989, pp. 69-71
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1989National Gallery, 'Pictures Cleaned and Restored in the Conservation Department of the National Gallery, January 1989 – October 1992', National Gallery Technical Bulletin, XIV, 1993, pp. 95-6
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1994E. Langmuir, The National Gallery Companion Guide, London 1994
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1994P. Rosenberg, Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665: Catalogue raisonné des dessins, Milan 1994
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1994R. Verdi and P. Rosenberg, Nicolas Poussin, 1594-1665 (exh. cat. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 27 September 1994 - 2 January 1995; Royal Academy of Arts, 19 January - 9 April 1995), Paris 1994
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1995H. Wine, 'Instruction and Delight: The Poussin Exhibitions at the Grand Palais, Paris and the Royal Academy', Apollo, CXLI/398, 1995, pp. 50-3
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1995Poulain Le Fur, Dessins anciens, tableaux anciens, Paris, 21 June 1995
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2001
C. Baker and T. Henry, The National Gallery: Complete Illustrated Catalogue, London 2001
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2001Wine, Humphrey, National Gallery Catalogues: The Seventeenth Century French Paintings, London 2001
About this record
If you know more about this painting or have spotted an error, please contact us. Please note that exhibition histories are listed from 2009 onwards. Bibliographies may not be complete; more comprehensive information is available in the National Gallery Library.