Imitator of Andrea Mantegna, 'Noli me Tangere', perhaps 1460-1550
Full title | Noli me Tangere |
---|---|
Artist | Imitator of Andrea Mantegna |
Artist dates | about 1431 - 1506 |
Series | Three Scenes of the Passion of Christ |
Date made | perhaps 1460-1550 |
Medium and support | oil on wood |
Dimensions | 42.5 × 31.1 cm |
Acquisition credit | Bought, 1860 |
Inventory number | NG639 |
Location | Not on display |
Collection | Main Collection |
According to the Gospel of John, Mary Magdalene wept when she saw that the tomb in which Christ had been buried was empty. A man appeared and asked her why she was crying – she eventually recognised him as Christ, and reached out to touch him. He stopped her: ‘Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father’. Noli me tangere is Latin for ‘Do not touch me’.
A vine, rich with grapes, encircles the pruned branches of a large tree, creating an elaborate arch that frames Christ’s slender figure. The grapes symbolise the wine – thought to transform into Christ’s blood – drunk by Christians at Mass in memory of Christ’s death and resurrection.
This panel is one of a group of three resurrection scenes, all in our collection, painted by an artist in imitation of Mantegna’s style.
According to the Gospel of John, Mary Magdalene wept when she saw that the tomb in which Christ had been buried was empty. A man appeared and asked her why she was crying. Thinking he was the gardener, she asked him where the body was – but as soon as he spoke her name, she realised it was Christ. She reached out to touch him, but he stopped her: ‘Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God’ (John 20: 17). Noli me tangere is Latin for ‘Do not touch me’.
Mary Magdalene kneels before Christ as though she has just fallen to the ground in shock and reverence after recognising him. She reaches out to touch him but he recoils and puts his hand out to stop her. In his right hand he holds a banner with the symbol of the Resurrection – a red cross on a white background – affixed to a staff with a cross at the top.
Christ is raised up on a grassy area that is planted with a variety of saplings, indicating new life. This new life is the eternal life available, according to the Gospels, through belief in Christ’s miraculous resurrection from the dead. A vine, rich with grapes, encircles the pruned branches of a large tree creating an elaborate arch that frames Christ’s slender figure. The bark of the tree is cracked, revealing a hollow within the trunk; it appears almost dead, except for the fresh branches which have sprung from the pruned stumps.
Wrapped around the branches of the tree is a grapevine – a detail also found in Mantegna’s grisaille painting Samson and Delilah and in the Agony in the Garden, which he made for the predella of the San Zeno altarpiece (Musée des Beaux Arts, Tours). The grapes symbolise the wine drunk by Christians at Mass in memory of Christ’s death and resurrection, which was believed to transform into Christ’s blood. Within the tree is a snake, slithering its way up to a nest of young chicks – this must refer to the devil, who appeared to Adam and Eve in the guise of a snake, tempting them to eat the fruit which God had forbidden them. The moment came to represent the sinfulness of humanity, and it was this sin for which Christ’s death and resurrection atoned.
A slightly more unusual feature of the picture is the beehive, swarming with bees, just behind Mary; one also appears in Mantegna’s version of the Agony in the Garden for the predella of the San Zeno altarpiece. The beehive was a symbol of the Christian Church, and the bees its virtuous and diligent Christians who worked to spread the Gospel message. The outpouring of bees here might be a reference to Christ’s command to Mary to spread the news to the disciples, who would then preach his message across the world.
The minute, sharp folds in the draperies and the use of gold to highlight the foliage behind Christ are characteristic of Mantegna’s style but as with the other pictures in the series – The Maries at the Sepulchre and The Resurrection – the quality is not comparable and the landscape background is much softer, with blurred edges.
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Three Scenes of the Passion of Christ
These three panels celebrate Christ’s bodily resurrection from the dead. It is likely that all three came from the same series and were painted by the same artist. The pictures reflect aspects of Mantegna’s style, particularly engravings he made at the end of the 1450s and beginning of the 1460s. The jagged rock formations, the angular folds of the draperies and the sinuous figures are particularly characteristic of Mantegna’s paintings.
The painter is unknown but technical analysis of the pigments used shows that they are unlikely to have been painted more than about 50 years after Mantegna’s death. Analysis of the underdrawing (the initial design as drawn on the panel) shows that the painter did not make any alterations to the overall design or any of the details. This suggests that they were tracing directly from a pre-existing image rather than inventing an original composition.
These three panels celebrate Christ’s bodily resurrection from the dead. The first shows the moment at which his tomb was found empty, the second his appearance to Mary Magdalene – both events that are recorded in the Gospels. The third shows him triumphant over death, standing upon his tomb, holding the red and white flag of the Resurrection.
The pictures reflect aspects of Mantegna’s style, particularly engravings made at the end of the 1450s and beginning of the 1460s, and so have been thought to be painted in imitation of his works. The jagged rock formations, the angular folds of the draperies and the slim, elongated limbs of the figures are all characteristic of Mantegna’s paintings. Similarly, certain motifs, such as the soldiers asleep by Christ’s tomb in The Resurrection and the tree encircled by the vine in Noli me Tangere, appear in works by Mantegna himself.
All three came from the same series and were painted by the same artist. There have been various ideas about who the artist might have been – it has been suggested, for example, that it may have been Mantegna’s son, Francesco – but so far they remain unidentified. Technical analysis of the pigments shows that they are unlikely to have been painted more than about 50 years after Mantegna’s death.
Analysis of the underdrawing shows that the painter did not make any alterations to the overall design or any of the details, which suggests that they were tracing directly from a pre-existing image rather than inventing an original composition. They might be copies of images painted by Mantegna for his patrons at the Gonzaga court in Mantua, perhaps for the private chapel there.
Two of the panels came from the Palazzo Capponi in Florence before they were purchased by English collector John Sanford of Corsham Court, Wiltshire. Sanford, who lived in Florence from 1832 to 1837, was one of the most active collectors of Italian painting in the first half of the nineteenth century.